Economy 12 November 2021, 12:40pm

COVID-19: Hospitalisations up 140%, 120% more people on ventilator than two weeks ago in Hungary

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Hungarian authorities diagnosed 8,370 people with COVID-19, and 116 people died of coronavirus-related diseases over the past 24 hour, the official government portal reported on Friday morning. 5,147 people with coronavirus infection are in hospital, with 509 of them on ventilator. While the former figure is 20% lower than a year ago, the latter is almost 5% higher.

oltás vakcina fecskendő harmadik oltás koronavírus covid-19 negyedik hullám

SNAPSHOT --- 11 November 2021 vs. 11 November 2020:

new cases --- 8,370 vs. 3,927 (+113%)
active cases --- 89,581 vs. 94,704 (-5.4%)
in hospital --- 5,147 vs. 6,425 (-20%)
on ventilator --- 509 vs. 486 (+4.7%)
test positivity rate --- 22.43% vs. 13.88%
3-day average percent positive --- 24.08% vs.17.35%
7-day average percent positive --- 21.55% vs. 23.55%
21-day average percent positive --- 18.61% vs. 17.86%
7-day average of 3-day / 21-day average positivity rate --- 129.1% vs. 119.7%
accumulated cases (1 Aug – 11 Nov) --- 130,177 vs. 122,264 (+.6.5%)
accumulated deaths (1 Aug – 7 Nov) --- 1,840 vs. 2,186 (-15.8%)

Positivty rates vs. deaths: An initial theory

Let's take a closer look at these positivity rates and what they could imply. Balázs Pártos hypothesizes that in such a sharply ascening trend the percent positive will continue to exceed the base period's figure. Two days ago the daily positivity rate was over 28%, but he projected that it would return (as it did in the last two days) to a range between 22% and 26%, and it would not take off. The ascent will be more lasting, steeper and its peak will be higher. Unfortunately, it will not peak earlier, rather a few days later than last year (when the highest rate was hit in early December).

According to his hypothesis, the cause could be the Delta variant for it is more contagious and more people contract it. It is spreading faster and lingers longer. This means that the number of new cases (and hospitalisations) rise so fast that no capacity is left to test healthy people.

One of the possible outcomes is that the percent positive will exceed 40% (daily readings), the 3-day average will also rise that high and possibly even the 7-day average will be close by around 5 December.

This is a highly negative scenario because then the number of new daily cases would peak out only four or five days later (around 10 Dec) and the peak in Covid fatalities would be reached only around Christmas or possibly in the new year even. And the numbers will be very high (between 400 and 500 daily deaths by 5 Dec.)

Growing pressure on the health care system

The exponentially growing number of new cases is already making a significant impact on the health care system. The tables below show how the changes in the number of daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations and the number of ventilated Covid patients in 2021 and 2020.

In the top chart we compared the figures of 11 November to one, two, three, and four weeks earlier. The bottom chart shows the week-on-week changes. The red cells make it evident that the epidemiological situation has been worsening at a more alarming rate in almost every aspect than in the base period.

As you can see, the 7-day rolling averages of new cases and Covid deaths are already higher than in the same period of 2020. Although there are fewer people with coronavirus infection in hospital, they are in a worse condition; more of them are on ventilator.

The number of Covid patients admitted to hospitals and needing mechanical ventilation has been on the rise for a while now, and their are already at early-May levels.

On the charts below the 0% line is important. When the curves are under 0% there’s a decline, when they go over 0% it’s an increase. The changes show that the situation in terms of hospitalisations started to worsen after 20 August.

More importantly, when a value is north of 0% but the curve descends, it means an increase at a slowing rate, rather than a decrease. If the curve is above 0% and ascending, it is an increase at an accelerating rate. When we are under 0% and the curve goes lower, it translates into an accelerating decrease, and when it goes up it marks a decelerating decrease.

As you can see, the number of those in hospital and of those on ventilator grow almost fully synchronously, apart from a period between mid-September and end-October. In that period there was not enough room for Covid patients and that is why there were many on ventilator relative to the number of Covid patients hospitalised. Then Covid capacities were added to the system and the 'link' was back the way it was before.

The same can be observed at the charts below, only with ratios. The share of those in hospital to the number of active cases has come down from its peak because daily testing picked up, and while there are more and more people with coronavirus infection in hospital, the number of active cases has been growing at a higher rate. And the ventilated / in hospital ratio has also come lower due to the aforementioned reason.

When the Case Fatality Rate (CFR, shown on a reversed scale below) drops. the pandemic starts to gather momentum, because CFR = deaths / registered cases. There is an increasing number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases but the number of Covid fatalities is just starting to catch up. Whatever looks like a drop on the chart, is actually an increase in reality. On this chart the CFR is shown in parallel with the number of new daily confirmed cases, as well as their 3-day and 7-day averages.

CFR is the number of Covid fatalities divided by the number of confirmed cases. If you perform very few tests as Hungary does, you'll have massive underdetection. The number of deaths rise but the number of confirmed cases remains relatively low, hence the high CFR.

As regards the left-hand chart below, the number of new COVID-19 cases accumulated since 28 August is already 5.4% higher than in the same period of 2020, while it was more than 40% lower four weeks ago and 47% lower six weeks ago. In the meantime, the accumulated time Covid patients spend in hospital is 31% shorter than a year ago, while it was about 25% lower four weeks ago and 8% higher eight weeks ago. (The turnaround came about on 22 September, about a month after the no-restrictions four-day celebrations of the foundation of the state on 20 August.)

On the right-hand chart see that two months ago the number of accumulated days spent in ICUs (practically on ventilator) was more than double of the base period's print (+120%). Since then, the difference has shrunk to only 2.3%, but it has gradually widened in the last few days (from 1.7% last Friday) despite the lower number of cases (accumulated) and fewer days (accumulated) coronavirus patients spend in hospital. This means that there should be a lot more cases to match the severity of this wave as demonstrated by the number of days spent on ventilator.

In terms of the accumulated number of Covid-related fatalities we are not where we were a year ago (accumulation is 17% lower vs. 35% higher 8 weeks ago), but same time last year there were no vaccines and cross-immunity (if it works at all) was assumably not as strong as currently. The right-hand chart also depicts that those that admitted to hospital with coronavirus infection are generally in worse condition than Covid patients a year ago.

The number of Covid patients hospitalised is 21% lowear than the corresponding figure on the same day in 2020, while the number of those in ICUs is almost 3% higher than in the base period (3-day average has been higher for the sixth consecutive day.)

The government keeps betting on vaccination despite the alarming rate at which the number of daily new COVID-19 cases and related hospitalisations has been rising.

There are numerous international examples showing that a combination of COVID-19 jabs and restriction measures are the most effective way to stem the spread of coronavirus.

Stressing the importance of getting vaccinated has proven rather futile so far.

There is no progress in the vaccination campaign. People that have been fully vaccinated in the basic protocol seek third doses, but even that growth rate needs to be higher, while those that have refused to get their shots are not changing their minds en masse despite the worsening epidemiological situation. And there's also the issue of the waning effectiveness of vaccines to consider...

The government made mask-wearing mandatory in public transport and authorised companies to make vaccination compulsory, but that's about as far as new restrictions go. Oh, it also ordered hospitals to put off elective surgeries.

The cabinet also announced a one-week vaccination campaign where people can get their first, second or third jab without prior online registration. What he cannot understand, and what has not been explained by anyone so far, is why the cabinet waits TWO AND A HALF WEEKS for the campaign to start on 22 November.