Business 30 November 2023, 1:15pm

Share of coronavirus in samples tested jumps in Hungary

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The number of Hungarians seeking medical help with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), including influenza-like symptoms has increased sharply on the 47th week (Nov.20-26) in Hungary, data by the National Public Health Centre (NNK) showed on Thursday. The number of tests performed remains low, the coronavirus positivity rate has jumped after a dip a week ago, with still more than three quarter of patients hospitalised with SARI treated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The flu season generally peaks between the 7th and 10th week of the year, but the highest figures can vary greatly from one year to another. The coronavirus pandemic, for instance, put a serious dent into the spread of the flu (see graph below). The start of this year's flu season does not look promising on this particular chart.

On the 47th week, a total of 226,500 people sought medical help with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), of whom 23,000 (10.2%) had flu-like symptoms. The former figure marks a 18.6% increase over the 46th week and the latter a 21.7% rise. The previous dip in the columns came on the back of two short weeks, with public holidays on 1 Nov and 23 Oct., when fewer people went to the doctor, and the autumn break in schools also helped in this respect.

The graph below allows a comparison with weeks 40 to 47 of 2022, showing higher figures for this year for both the number of SARI "patients" and those that visited GPs with flu-like symptoms.

We can also compare the SARI and flu numbers for 100,000 inhabitants. These charts will say more when we have more than just a couple weeks of data, but - unlike up to the 46th week - they suggest that the flu season might be more severe in 2023/24 than in 2022/23. A single weekly jump in the number of sick people, however, is not enough to be certain, of course.

We need to highlight that this year authorities perform way more tests than a year ago, even though the number of samples tested remains extremely low (301 in total on a national level last week, up from 265 a week earlier).

The number of samples tested on the 47th week was higher than on the 46th week, with the COVID-19 positivity rate up sharply. Testing is almost non-existent and we may draw only extremely cautious conclusions from these findings as regards the bigger picture on the current epidemiological situation. This is basically the only set of Covid data authorities provide besides weekly wastewater sampling results.

As authorities have been publishing separate SARI and flu statistics only since 2022, a longer-term comparison is possible only for the number of people seeking medical help with influenza-like symptoms. This is basically a magnification of the first eight weeks of the flu season depicted on very first graph above.

There were 223 people in hospital with SARI on the 47th week, versus 161 a week earlier. Two thirds (66.8%) of them were treated with COVID-19, down slightly from 68.3% a week earlier. Coronavirus was the main pathogen found in samples early in the flu season last year too. Actually, the first time the share of flu viruses in samples was higher than the share of SARS-CoV-2 occurred only at the start of this year in the 2022/23 flu season.

The 47th week was the first one in this cold season when one of the samples showed influenza infection. Other pathogens identified between the 40th and 47th week were SARS-CoV-2 (381), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 1), adenovirus (1), parainfluenza (1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV, 2), and rhinovirus (18).

115 (77.2%) of the 149 COVID-19 patients were aged 60 and over, which compares with 86 (78.2%) a week ago. The other two metrics, i.e. people in hospital with Covid, and 60+ Covid patients, show a rise from the previous week, particularly the first one.

17.5% of those hospitalised with SARI were children aged 2 years or younger, while over 62% of them were aged 60 and over. The first figure marks an increase, the latter, a slight drop from a week ago. Their numbers have risen markedly.

Another important indicator of the severity of an epidemic is how many of those hospitalised end up in the intensive care unit (or in the morgue for that matter). The NNK does not reveal mortality stats, though.

There were 223 people with SARI in hospital on the week under review, up sharply from 161 a week earlier. 20 of them were in the ICU, which corresponds to a 9.0% ratio, down from 9.3% a week earlier.

Finally, we have an age breakdown both for SARI and flu patients. Children up to the age of 14 are on top of the SARI age rankings in terms of numbers, while they are only on the 3rd spot in the flu rankings, behind those between 35 and 59 and the hardest-hit 15-34 age group. The right-hand charts show the share of people with SARI and flu-like symptoms by age group.

Looking back on the 2022/23 data we find that the 0-14 age group was the hardest hit throughout the flu season in terms of SARI, while in terms of flu-like symptoms they were the most affected age group between the 3rd and the 15th week of this year, i.e. from mid-January to mid-April.